Holy Icons Defended From Scripture & Tradition

The standard charge of Protestants is that the Orthodox are idolatrous because they will reverence icons, images, relics and shrines. If we thought that these things were gods, that would be a valid charge. Indeed, there are badly instructed Orthodox who may have superstitious ideas about such things. However, the biblical case for holy images is, I believe, overwhelming when one takes everything into account. Furthermore, it’s been settled by the Seventh Ecumenical Council (Nicea II in 787), which many Protestants claim to adhere to! 

Nicea II based its argumentation upon the writings and argumentation of Ss. Theodore of Studium, Germanus of Constantinople, and John of Damascus. St. John of Damascus’ famous treatise in defense of holy icons is that basis for the arguments I am going to make below. I will also include some quotes from various Fathers defending images, showing that this is part of the Holy Orthodox Faith.

1. Really the only apparent biblical argument against images from the Protestant view is the Second Commandment. Protestants argue that there are to be no images made of God, or anything in heaven or earth. In response to this charge, it is important to note that the Protestant view is actually inconsistent and impossible. First, the literal wording of the Command forbids all making of any images of anything in heaven, earth, sea, etc. Reformed theologian Charles Hodge mentions a reformed colleague of his at Princeton who actually refused to use maps that pictured things like mountains, lakes, etc. This is a consistent outworking of the Protestants position. Such a position is totally ridiculous, but he was attempting to be as consistent with his heretical reading of the Second Command.

Two points refute this: the Commandment specifically mentions heaven, earth, sea, etc. God seems to be pointing out the type of worship the Israelites encountered in their pagan neighbors like Egypt, Babylonia, Philistia, Canaan, etc. In other words, “heavens,” meaning astrology, “earth,” meaning animism and nature worship, and “sea” meaning various forms of aquatic idolatry, such as Nile worship. So, God is not railing against the inherent evil of an image, but against the practices of the Israelite neighbors, which included any or all of the above. We can further prove this with the second point: God himself commands many holy images to be placed inside the Holy of Holies! 1 Kings 6 describes how ornate the inside of the Holy of Holies was, replete with images of Cherubim and Seraphim, and of course the Ark itself had two huge, golden Cherubim over its lid. If images were inherently evil, God wouldn't command His own tabernacle/temple to be full of them. Therefore, the Second Command cannot mean absolutely no religious images. It forbids pagan idolatry, and clearly the temple worship which had images was not idolatry.